Physiology Behind Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Posted on: 29 Apr 2011 | Comments: 0

Author: iMensies Editors

About 85% women worldwide experience Premenstrual Syndrome - PMS - and virtually every woman has had symptoms of PMS at least once in her life. Term PMS is used to describe a variety of physical and emotional events that a woman goes through during the days of her period cycle. Usually the PMS symptoms occur between the days of ovulation and the start of the next period and are caused by changes in levels of several hormones.

Increase in the levels of prolactin, aldosterone, serotonin, and others may lead to specific symptoms of PMS. Prolactin, the horomone secreted by pituitary glands causes breast tenderness when found at higher levels. Too much of prolactin in woman’s blood may also interfere with ovulation and lead to irregular periods. Aldosterone, secreted by adrenal glands causes fluid accumulation resulting in headaches, breast swelling and bloating. This hormone is normally found at higher levels after ovulation so these symptoms are likely to occur right after ovulation occurs. Serotonin – a well known neurotransmitter responsible for mood swings can indirectly result in feelings of depression or anxiety when present in excessive amounts. Same symptoms may get worse when endorphins – natural mood enhancers, are secreted in suboptimal amounts, which may add to depression or pain sensitivity. Other changes in hormones levels can lead to insulin sensitivity which may lead to decreased amounts of blood sugar resulting in increased irritability.

Some women may not experience symptoms of PMS, and the reasons for having PMS are still not understood fully. Several factors may increase the likelihood of experiencing PMS, such as having relatives suffering from similar syndrome. The kinds and harshness of the symptoms will vary between different women. A more severe form of PMS is also known and is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD.

As a woman gets older her PMS symptoms may worsen as she approaches menopause. The symptoms may also worsen when a woman experiences major hormonal changes such that occur during pregnancy, right after childbirth, miscarriage or when taking hormonal contraceptives.

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